A FLUID DYNAMIC THEORY OF THE UNIVERSE
by Alfred Wakeman
Background
For 300 years physics has focused on linear systems. The rule is, when all forces cancel you’ve got it right. Superimposed on this rule of symmetry has been asymmetry in a concept of increasing entropy, related to the second law of thermodynamics, describing net-loss energy systems. The theory of Energy Synthesis (ES) describes the balancing side, where the bias is toward energy gain.
Only within the past 20 years has physics “recognized” self-organization and increasing returns in nature – systems that never come to rest. While fundamental to biology, the evidence contradicts classical assumptions. Investigating these phenomena, by the mid-80’s a new interdisciplinary science began to take shape identified variously by key words such as “nonlinear dynamics”, “complexity”, and “far from equilibrium systems”. ES theory fits within this new realm of study.
ES theory began independently in 1975 by noticing a toroidal recirculation underlying all forms of evolution, from a vortex in water to the growth of a plant, from storms to solar systems to spiral galaxies. Within this view of nature we find that the entire universe down to its least atom exists in perpetual motion. Presumably then, if we can discover the flow topology preserving an atom we will have a universal model for understanding the basic principles of sustainable evolution at any level of complexity. The investigation reveals a process of “inverse entropy” or “Energy Synthesis” taking place as the sustainable source of an atom’s energy [atomic energy].
As a “BFA”, not a physicist or biologist, I had no vested interest in the tools of other’s art. My art was the practice of seeing and feeling the flow of space through and between things. As a sailor I had developed an emotional intimacy with storms and waves, with turbulence, and that thing that forms off the tip of my oar – and also with increasingly polluted beaches, polluted water and polluted air. Put it all together – increasing entropy as the human effect, and a world otherwise biased toward increasing order – and you have both the incentive and the means for starting from scratch with a new physics of the universe.
The methods of ES theory are in many respects inverse to the methods of physics, but there are strict disciplines involved. For instance, a translation requires practice in the ability to “see” invisible flows and their interaction with constant reference to the world both outside and within ourselves.
A Preliminary View of ES Theory
Let’s assume that nothing can exist without an underlying process of existence. This immediately takes us beyond an observation of “things” to observation of the space between things, without which observation of separate entities would be impossible. While physics has attempted to discover the innermost nature of things from the outside in, ES has approached the question of existence from the inside out. From this perspective one discovers that cohesion is dependent on a “conservation of fluidity”, making fluidity the underlying power of creation in the universe.
Turbulence is cohesive. Atoms are cohesive. On close inspection turbulence is found to be composed of self-organizing if very short-lived toroidal and vortex circulations. “Absolute chaos” within a superfluid underlying medium may well contain the seeds of atomic origin. To start a visualization of ES theory, let an atom exist as a self-preserving “storm” of recirculations within a subatomic fluid medium. A smoke ring is relatively self-sustaining. So is a tornado. Each is self-organizing, and each contains elements of the other in its manner of existence. Let a specific combination of toroidal/vortex recirculations become self-sustaining, and let the result represent an atomic proton.
90 degrees to any stream of motion tension is created, both outward and inward. Attempts to break this tension result in a bias toward recirculation in place. The eye of a vortex is cold, under tension, and serves as a heat attractor allowing spin acceleration. Outflow from the proton forms a sphere of recirculation back to inflow, where an “electron vortex” forms governing the proton’s energy. The self-generated “electron sphere” governing a proton’s energy gain is a critical discovery of ES theory. It serves as a universal model for all self-limiting phenomena, expressed in ES theory as the artist/artwork interdependency. See it regulating overpopulation, where the destructive effect ultimately returns to limit the source. Or see it where the recirculation co-operates with its environment, resulting in energy gain throughout the system.
What is important to recognize at the atomic level is tension radiating 90 degrees to any sustained flow. Visualizing the proton as a spherical recirculation, the effect is gravitation of proton-to-proton, with subsequent “crystallization” into complex nuclear elements. Then visualize complex electron recirculations “crystallizing” into potentially very complex and extended interactive molecules. At the nuclear level, sustainable combinations are limited. At the electron level, sustainable combinations are almost unlimited, and reflexive make/break combinations are unlimited.
Flows create harmonics. Cyclic tension and release is observable in any stream. Then note recirculation around a focus of tension and release: harmonics create flows. Coincident harmonics attract, dissonant harmonics repel. With differing complex chords, some frequencies are cancelled while others are augmented, hence the power of a catalyst to alter a local environment toward crystallization of formerly dissonant or random elements.
The new science of complexity and self-organizing systems has made impressive progress with computer models simulating biological evolution. Meanwhile ES has remained focused on the underlying medium. Increasing complexity leads ultimately to weakness and disintegration unless the throughflow and internal recirculation at every level conforms to a universal topology of sustainable existence. Internal recirculation determines the “degree” of existence, while recirculation without inflow and outflow leads to disintegration. Throughout nature, from elements to molecules to complex life systems, a repeating model occurs where evolution returns to the essence-flow-topology no matter how complex the system becomes. The result is successive “rip-stops”, where each successive stage depends on a former sustainable foundation, and returns again to the essence-topology at every “higher” level of increasing complexity.
The essence-topology is best expressed by what I call the Garden Model Of Energy Synthesis. Picture ground level as the equator of a sphere. Above is the tension of the universe. Below is compost. Above we have integration of a growing plant, below we have disintegration of former plants. Note the toroidal recirculation, where a plant integrates simple molecules into complex molecules, which only when released, dis-integrated and reorganized, allows successive evolution of more complex plants and molecules. Notice also the external digestive system, inverse to our own. Evolution proceeds by a succession of “process inversions”, beginning with hydrogen and helium topology, where hydrogen-topology represents unstable transitions toward helium-symmetry. [See a spiral galaxy.] Using the Garden Model for our purposes here, note the absolute interdependency between disintegration (source) and integration (product). And note that only within the temperature limits between ice and steam do the most fragile and complex molecules in the universe integrate, disintegrate, and recombine into the evolution of biological systems.
This suggests that within the narrow phase-transition between ice and steam there exists a gravitational “center-line” between hot and cold (tension and release) throughout the universe. Any experiment in energy gain or loss must take this universal constant into account. Tension/release, cold/hot, order/disorder, good/evil, call them what you will: the Garden Model reveals their absolute and inseparable interdependency. Strive for increasing order and the result will be “increasing entropy”. That is why life and evolution remain always “at the edge of chaos”. No ongoing process of existence is possible without a continuing source of release. Taking the Garden Model down to atomic scale, the bias toward cohesion (cold) implies that a continual process releasing tension exists as the internal source of atomic energy.
HEAT AND ELECTRICITY AS VISUALIZED IN ES THEORY
We now have a basic picture of a superfluid `e’-medium subject to recirculation in place (the atom). But if an atom’s recirculation is essentially spherical, demanding inflow/outflow of the surrounding medium to exist, we have at best a picture of dynamic spheres with free flow of material between the spheres. The intermediate space, regardless of the geometry of atomic crystallization, remains subject to chaos from atomic spin. In ES theory, released tension within the `e’-medium is subject to chaos, called “heat”. Under tension, precisely the same `e’-medium becomes “cold” as “electrical flow”. Heat and electricity in ES theory are thus the same thing in different form, cycling as in the garden model within the atomic nucleus.
Atoms constantly neutralize differential tension between themselves by `e’-transfer. The electron model of an atom reveals that a large volume of `e’ material can be released from the outermost surface of spherical recirculation without reducing the radius of recirculation significantly. This potentially unlimited source of released energy (heat) is similar to that released by disintegrating electron bonds [fuel burning], but only superficial, resulting only in higher tensioned molecular bonds or “negative ions”. At enlarged scale of this picture we have lightning-discharge restoring equilibrium between unequally tensioned molecules. Precisely the same thing occurs at atomic scale with fuel burning, visible as “fire” between locally dissociated molecules. Then see atomic spin around a lightning bolt and the related spin of a tornado around its tensioned axis. With spin, the `e’-medium moves inward displacing atoms outward.
For ESJ readers, a quote from Nikola Tesla may be appropriate at this point. From “The problem of increasing human energy”, June 1900, one chapter is titled: “A departure from known methods – Possibility of a self-acting engine, capable, like a living being, of deriving energy from the medium.” At that time, Carnot and Kelvin had already stated that it was impossible for an inanimate mechanism or self-acting machine to cool a portion of the medium below the temperature of the surrounding and operate by the heat extracted. In his lecture, Tesla talks about a theoretical enclosure in which the inside energy level could, by “some means or other”, be kept at a lower level than the ambient medium. Then he could get a continuous supply of energy [from the outside environment] and draw it at a very rapid rate.
Tesla is right, and the “means” by which an “enclosure” may be kept always at a lower temperature than its environment is demonstrated by the self-organization of a vortex – the energy gathering mechanism of a hurricane. The eye of a vortex is under tension, serving as a heat attractor allowing spin acceleration, which increases tension. One experimenter has measured 12,000 volts in the eye of a water vortex, demonstrating a relationship fluid spin and voltage gain.
With these principles in mind, how do we discover the innermost anatomy of an atom, toward creating a working model for unlimited energy gain?
TOWARD A WORKING MODEL OF ENERGY SYNTHESIS
Adding discipline to ES theory, the first requirement is to visualize an absolutely fluid and universal medium having zero mass or inertia with zero resistance to motion in any direction, while being absolutely incapable of compression or a void in its existence. Nothing can move outward without something moving inward; nothing can move inward without something moving outward. Call this medium the `e’-medium, with “e” representing “energy”, “electricity”,”e-motions”, whatever, fully capable of physically displacing atoms which exist as forms of turbulence within the medium. Then visualize an “emotional axis” and a “physical plane” of lateral evolution, cone-shaped from the bottom up, describing a limit of evolution away from the axis, where lateral evolution toward physical complexity requires upward evolution layer by layer – all dependent on maintaining the root of the cone. [Note that the garden model can be superimposed on this picture.]
Within ES theory, nothing can be expressed as “known” or “recognized” without translation into a form of motion with a corresponding effect. Mass, inertia, lift and drag, electrons, neutrons, quarks and gluons, heat, “energy”, all must be visualized in terms of forms of motion and recirculation within the `e’-medium to be relevant to ES theory. The problem is that any motion to relieve a stress creates potentially infinite stress 90 degrees to the motion, preserving the stress. The mental result trying to picture the effect is compounding chaos, relieved by internal recirculations restoring order. Thus the universal model is revealed where external stress results in internal spin acceleration and motion in place. Then see inertia, electrical-resistance, emotional-resistance, reflexive self-preservation of atoms, social systems, etc.]
For the raw `e’-medium to move inward, atoms must move outward. Picture “empty space” as a positive medium capable of positive pressure. Where does this “electrical pressure” come from? Picture lateral tension radiating outward from an axis of tension and visualize the result in three dimensions. There is always excess attraction to an axis of tension, resulting in pressure around the axis which resolves as spin. Axial tension creates spin-pressure, which released translates to potential amperage.
Note that the fluid dynamic principles remain the same whether we are considering the `e’-medium alone, or the same medium filled with molecules of water or air. At large scale, cohesive turbulence within the subatomic medium is represented by cohesive molecules, which in either case becomes an important part of the process. The “quickest” material will move into the eye of spin, with cohesive turbulence preserving the open eye-wall. All it takes is an initial axis of tension to begin spin-distillation and energy gain.
In a moment I will review some basic vortex observations, but first let me comment on an experiment in Germany where a smoke ring consistently “condensed” and accelerated over 20 meters to blow out a candle at the other end. As everyone knows, a smoke ring normally slows, expands and dissipates into leftover lateral spin. The described experiment required a humid atmosphere within an auditorium at a temperature above 30ºC. Note the correlation to the ES prediction of temperature-dependent sustainable existence, and further note the experiment’s relevance to sustainable “cosmic particles”, reducing in scale as they accelerate. A clear smoke ring sent through a cloud of smoke will come out the other end full of smoke. Toroidal recirculation is an accumulator of cohesive material, and as with an axial vortex, heat gravitates to the now outward circular eye-ring of toroidal spin. That heat allows expansion and decay of the ring, but under special circumstances, with linear acceleration sustaining toroidal spin, the heat allows continual release of cohesive material, reducing the ring, with attracted heat preserving linear acceleration. It is like a jet engine feeding on the turbulence in its wake – see again the garden model.
A very basic toroidal experiment related to the garden model is used later describing atomic proton dynamics. Attempting downflow through a sphere a strong upflow will be observed along the axis, created by lateral tension at the equator and compression at the root. Adding smoke to see the flows reveals a dominant lateral spin, and yet the recirculation is toroidal. Atoms tend to move 90 degrees to the `e’-medium.
Another important experiment, difficult to perform, requires a very stable water vortex within undisturbed surroundings. As the extended open eye of the vortex gradually increases its surface tension, a periodic toroidal release of tension can be noted climbing up the column from root to head. This phenomenon will be used later to describe formation of “neutrons”, free “electrons”, etc., believed to be toroidal in nature. [See the above reference to toroidal “cosmic particles”.]
Detailing Vortex-Dynamics
In a water vortex, picture the drain creating an axis of tension 90 degrees to the surface. Material attracted to the drain exceeds outflow opportunity and the excess material set in motion organizes as upward spin released at the head. At the head, centrifugal spin resists outflow from the drain. As drain outflow diminishes, centrifugal resistance diminishes, drain outflow increases, and centripetal spin increases. The process cycles toward lateral/axial equilibrium. A vortex formed over an open drain has limited spin because the open drain releases tension upward as spin increases. But note that it takes very little gravitational bias to set a large body of material in motion.
By adding ink to a water vortex, one can observe a cohesive, well-defined, cylindrical ink column surrounding the eye – rising upward contrary to expectations. The result provides a very convincing laboratory picture of the “ink column” of a tornado. According to ES theory this ink column is composed of “sticky ions” – molecules from which the outermost electron recirculation has been removed by spin pressure, making them cohesive. Any process attempting to extract electricity from atoms will run into this “sticky ion” problem, resisting further release of electricity. But in a fluid medium, these “sticky ions” have mobility. They can be continually displaced and replaced and easily stripped of their outermost material as they pass through.
Another important observation of ES vortex theory is the relationship between vortex spin and solid-body spin. For this picture, consider a constant linear rate spiraling inward. The result is accelerating spin as the radius of spin diminishes. As the zero axis is approached, spin rate approaches infinity and breaks outward, preserving an open eye. Alternatively, if rotational rate of the eye is held constant, with solid-body spin, linear rate at the center becomes zero and approaches infinity as the radius increases. A vortex cycles toward equilibrium between these unresolvable opposites. Viscosity determines the bias toward solid body spin, while fluidity determines the bias toward vortex spin. The lower the viscosity, the smaller the radius and higher the rate of spin can become. Then consider the potential spin within a superfluid medium having zero viscosity.
In a fluid medium, any spin has expanding influence, increasing the volume of material subject to spin. Consider a radius of 1 spinning at an initial surface velocity of 1. If the surface is drawn inward its spin will accelerate, and inflow to radius-1 will accelerate to fill the void. Cyclic pulsing of axial tension can thus pump radius-1 up to increasing spin, with its outward influence increasing in-spin velocity. With spiral inflow there can be a net loss of linear velocity due to viscosity while still preserving spin acceleration. It depends on the slope of the spiral.[1] This allowable loss in the lateral plane allows the transition to axial outflow on which preservation of spin depends.
As the volume of spinning material increases, outward tension increases, increasing both axial tension and in-spin acceleration toward potentially unlimited energy gain. But to achieve this potential there must be no possible release of the root sustaining axial tension.
Developing a Picture of Unlimited Spin Potential
A hurricane requires vertical atmospheric tension and lateral surface release of warm humid air. While the resulting spin can enlarge to a huge circumferential area, the velocity of winds around the eye are limited by stratospheric downflow enlarging the eye and reducing axial tension. Let’s say maximum winds around the eye of a hurricane are 150 knots. Then maximum winds around the eye of a tornado will be 300 knots. The doubling of wind speed results from doubling axial outflow, downward as well as upward from the equator of inflow. But while the lower axis of a tornado is closed, sustaining tension, the upper axis is still subject to downflow limiting tension, and the lower axis is surrounded by a cohesive ink column limiting spin.
The proposed proton configuration gains unlimited spin potential by drawing the ink column away from the axis, while axial release toward either pole increases tension at the opposite pole, setting up a reciprocating energy gain. Note that a tornado is more self-contained than a hurricane and that an atom is more self-contained than a tornado. Also note that a tornado is far more electrically active than a hurricane. This points the direction for understanding the hydrogen atom as a tornado-like storm within a subatomic medium.
Detailing The Hydrogen Nucleus (See Drawing)
A tornado can be visualized as a “bipolar vortex” with the surface at the equator of spin and having drains both upward and downward. Return outflow from the drains to the equator and the result is a relatively self-contained “storm” of recirculations. It turns out, however, that this is closer to describing the electron sphere, and that the proton is an inverse process at the center. Turn the original bipolar vortex outside in and you have the sustainable atomic proton with a common “drain” in the center and out-spin from opposite heads returned to in-spin at the equator.
In the original visualization, maintaining equal and opposite tension as spin accelerates requires some superior outside source. In the inverse picture, as spin accelerates, centrifugal outflow from one head increases axial tension on the other, accelerating spin, causing out-spin from the opposite head. Spin-pressure around the central “void” preserves outflow away from the center while “pressurizing” the reflecting spheres. The “root” of the process is now at the center, sustaining `e’-distillation with expanding influence on its environment.
Shell Formation In Nature
There are many self-surfacing phenomena in nature. Note the self-preservation of the Gulf Stream from the Caribbean to Scandinavia and Europe, the Trade Winds, the Jet Stream. Note tide-lines between nutrient rich waters and sterile waters where seabirds flock and fish school for sustenance.
The ES shells in nature are a phenomenon of harmonic pressure/tension equilibrium, dependent on inflow/outflow equilibrium. Outward pressure creates surface tension: inward tension creates surface compression. A shell is visualized as cohesive turbulence “hardened” by harmonic expansion and compression. Notice the relationship to the ink column. Spin the ink columns laterally outward and you have the reflecting spherical shells of the proton. The cohesiveness of the shells, resisting either expansion or compression, then supports the bias toward inflow/outflow equilibrium preserving the shells.
Note particularly in nature surface formation between hot and cold flows. At the center of the proton, spin pressure creates the nuclear spherical shell preserving an open axis of communication between the opposite hemispheres. Inside this shell is a “high vacuum” (cold), extending outward as the eye of spin within the reflecting hemispheres, whose shells are preserved by outward pressure and equal/opposite tension between polar spin and the larger circumference of equatorial spin-equilibrium. [See vortex vs. solid-body spin-equilibrium.] At the rim of equatorial spin-equilibrium, heat recycles inward for spin acceleration, preserving axial tension (cold), while cohesive turbulence spins outward, preserving the process of inward `e’ distillation.
Recirculation from poles to equator creates outwardly extending tension from the poles to which equatorial outflow gravitates, creating an outwardly extending ink column with its eye of spin feeding proton energy gain. The external result is attraction to the outflow, again creating spin pressure at the equator, forming a compression shell around the proton similar to its nucleus. Note the repeating pattern, from nuclear sphere to proton-sphere to the outer electron-sphere, where within each, outflow successively recirculates back to inflow to the nucleus with decreasing radius and resulting energy gain. Then notice the artist/artwork interdependency, expressed now as “all things make models of themselves”, where the innermost nature of anything can be known by its outermost effect. See cold/hot/cold out to the electron shell, then heat generated between atoms, drawn off by the cold outward tension of the universe. Innermost is a reflection of outermost.
“When all forces cancel you’ve got it right.” Tension = pressure, cold = heat. But now it is expressed as a self-organizing process of increasing energy gain based on 90-degree tension within a fluid medium, self-organizing into recirculation in place. “Heat” now becomes relative within the atom. As long as internal spin-pressure exceeds ambient pressure, outflow is assured for inward energy gain. External heat provides release for energy gain, and external tension increases energy gain. In a superfluid medium, the result is essentially stressless, where “energy gain” simply refers to spin gain of the `e’ medium. Classical physics is right: heat is drawn outward by the tension of the universe at large, but where does that heat come from? Nothing can move outward without something moving inward. The equation is satisfied only by looking outward “beyond the beyond”, and inward. Heat gravitates both ways.
Literature:
- See Doczi, The Power Of Limits.
- Schwenk, Sensitive Chaos.
- Huntly, The Divine Proportion.
[1] There is a specific spiral I call the “90 Degree Spiral“, which is the gravitational centerline of equilibrium between spin acceleration and material accumulation in storm formation. Its slope is 15.345 degrees, where 90 degree tension from the incoming spiral is tangent to the next inner curl of the spiral causing inward spin acceleration. Note that the resulting vortex does not depend on a finite center.